What is OCD?

Understanding the Symptoms, Subtypes, and When to Seek Help

What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder that involves unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviors or mental rituals (compulsions). These compulsions are performed in an attempt to relieve the distress and anxiety experienced as a result of the obsessions. OCD can significantly interfere with daily functioning and emotional well-being.

While it is often misunderstood or misrepresented in pop culture, OCD goes far beyond simply being neat or preferring things in a particular order. Rather, OCD includes a wide range of subtypes and symptoms, and no two individuals experience it in exactly the same way.

Common Symptoms of OCD

• Repetitive, intrusive thoughts or mental images

• Intense anxiety, fear, or discomfort linked to those thoughts

• Compulsive behaviors or rituals aimed at reducing the distress

• Difficulty controlling thoughts or resisting urges, despite recognizing they may not be rational

• Significant interference in daily life, relationships, and/or work

Types of OCD: Common Subtypes

OCD can manifest in many different ways, and some individuals may be struggling with just one or more than one of the subtypes. Below are several of the common subtypes, although this list is not exhaustive.

1. False Memory OCD

This subtype involves persistent doubt about past actions or events. Individuals may obsessively question whether they did something wrong, immoral, or inappropriate—even if there’s no real evidence. Compulsions may include mentally reviewing events, seeking reassurance, or avoiding triggers.

2. Checking OCD

Individuals with this subtype would frequently check things—like locks, appliances, or even their own behavior—to prevent perceived harm or mistakes. For example, checking the stove multiple times to avoid causing a fire or checking if the front door is locked multiple times before leaving the house. These rituals can become time-consuming and exhausting.

3. Contamination OCD

Not only limited to germs, this subtype can involve fears of being "contaminated" by various substances, like chemicals or bodily fluids. Common compulsions include excessive hand washing, sanitizing, avoiding certain places, or getting rid of items that are perceived as "contaminated."

4. Symmetry or “Just Right” OCD

In this subtype, the distress doesn’t stem from a particular fear, but rather from the internal feeling that something feels “off” or not symmetrical. Compulsions may include aligning objects, repeating tasks until they feel perfect, or revisiting conversations until they feel “just right."

5. Relationship OCD (ROCD)

ROCD involves obsessive doubts and fears about an individual’s relationship. These thoughts may include questioning whether you truly love your partner, or if they’re “the right one.” Compulsions may involve persistent reassurance-seeking, analyzing interactions, or mentally comparing partners.

6. Counting OCD

This subtype centers around the need to count things in a specific way or perform actions a specific number of times. The counting may feel necessary to prevent harm or ensure safety, and these rituals can take up large portions of time, interfere with focus and with daily life.

When to Seek Help for OCD

Engaging in compulsive behaviors or struggling with unwanted, intrusive thoughts looks different for everyone, and the level of severity varies. However, when these symptoms become persistent and disruptive to daily life and functioning, it may be time to seek professional support.

If you or a loved one is struggling with obsessive thoughts and compulsions, professional therapy can help.

At Change Therapy, we specialize in OCD treatment. We work with clients to:

• Understand the root of their obsessive-compulsive patterns

• Develop personalized coping strategies

• Reduce the intensity and frequency of symptoms

• Improve overall quality of life

• Take the first step toward healing

You don’t have to navigate OCD alone. Reach out to Change Therapy today to schedule a consultation and begin your journey toward clarity and control.

Written by Diana Chukarska, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)

Click here to learn more about Diana’s therapeutic approach.